Rust ensures memory safety without compromising performance through several key mechanisms:

Key Mechanisms for Memory Safety

1. Ownership and Borrowing System:

   • Rust's ownership model ensures that each piece of data has a single owner, which automatically manages the data's lifetime and prevents memory leaks or double frees.

   • The borrowing system allows data to be referenced by multiple parts of a program without risking memory corruption, using shared (&) and mutable (&mut) references.

2. Lifetimes:

   • Rust's concept of lifetimes ensures that references to data are always valid and do not outlive the data they reference, preventing dangling pointers.

3. Compile-Time Checks:

   • Rust performs memory safety checks at compile time, eliminating many potential runtime errors before the program even runs.

4. Zero-Cost Abstractions:

   • Rust's safety features are designed as zero-cost abstractions, meaning they do not introduce runtime overhead, ensuring performance comparable to languages like C and C++.

5. Smart …